Abstract
India stands at a defining moment in the use of artificial intelligence across healthcare and pharmaceuticals. An expanding digital health ecosystem, clinical data, advances in generative and agentic AI, and an innovation landscape are creating opportunities to improve access, affordability, quality, and speed of care. From AI-assisted screening, diagnostic imaging, and clinical decision support to virtual care and population health surveillance, intelligent technologies can extend expertise beyond urban centres. Across the pharmaceutical value chain, AI is accelerating target identification, drug discovery, clinical development, safety monitoring, manufacturing, supply chains, and evidence generation, while enabling more precise and personalised treatment. Yet transformation at scale requires more than high-performing algorithms. India's diversity of languages, populations, disease burdens, and care settings demands solutions that are locally validated, inclusive, and integrated into clinical workflows. Fragmented data, data quality, limited interoperability, algorithmic bias, privacy concerns, unclear accountability, and uneven digital readiness remain barriers. In high-stakes healthcare environments, trust must be earned through transparency, explainability, rigorous evaluation, human oversight, and continuous monitoring. This talk will examine the state of AI adoption in Indian healthcare and pharmaceuticals, highlight applications and opportunities, and explore the shift from predictive models to generative, multimodal, and agentic systems. It will also discuss the foundations needed for responsible scale: interoperable digital infrastructure, representative datasets, governance, multidisciplinary collaboration, and workforce capability. Ultimately, the future of AI in Indian healthcare will be defined not by technological sophistication alone, but by whether it delivers measurable, equitable, and trustworthy improvements for patients, clinicians, researchers, and the health system.